Application of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) in Flower and Fruit Retention, and Promotion of Flower and Fruit Development in Plants

Gibberellic Acid (GA3) not only breaks dormancy and promotes seed germination, but also enhances flower and fruit retention while stimulating their development.The following are the application methods of gibberellic acid (GA3) in different plants。

Tomato

Apply 30–35 mg/L GA3 solution by spraying flowers once during the flowering stage to improve fruit setting and prevent hollow fruit.

Eggplant

Spray flowers once with 25–35 mg/L GA3 solution during flowering to reduce flower drop, promote fruit setting, and increase yield.

Grape

General Use:
- Pre-flowering (5–7 cm inflorescence length): Dip clusters in 5–10 mg/L GA3 to elongate inflorescences and reduce fruit thinning labor.
- Late flowering to 3 days post-flowering: Apply 10–25 mg/L GA3 (dipping or spraying clusters) to enhance fruit setting, reduce flower/fruit drop, and promote seedlessness.
- 10 days post-flowering (during fruit enlargement): Use 13–50 mg/L GA3 combined with other agents to boost fruit expansion and yield.
Varietal Differences:
- ”Kyoho” series (e.g., “Kyoho,” “Jingya,” “Hutai 8”):
  - Pre-flowering: ≤5 mg/L GA3 for inflorescence elongation.
  - Full bloom: 10–25 mg/L GA3 increases fruit setting by 10–20% and seedlessness to ~66%.
  - Young fruit stage (pea-sized): 16–30 mg/L GA3 enhances cell expansion and fruit weight.
- ”Summer Black”:
  - Pre-flowering: 5–10 mg/L GA3 for inflorescence elongation.
  - Full bloom: 10–25 mg/L GA3 reduces flower/fruit drop by ~20%.
  - Young fruit stage: 20–50 mg/L GA3 for fruit expansion.
- ”Red Globe”: Use ≤15 mg/L GA3 during young fruit stage (pea to peanut size) for expansion.
- ”Jingjingxiang”:
  - Pre-flowering: ≤5 mg/L GA3 for inflorescence elongation.
  - 5 days post-flowering: 15–22 mg/L GA3 to prevent fruit drop.
  - Young fruit stage: 10–30 mg/L GA3 for expansion.

Citrus

Spray 25–50 mg/L GA3 twice: 7 days post-flowering and after the first physiological fruit drop (before the second drop).
- Notes:
  1. Combine with cytokinin to improve retention during the first drop.
  2. For Satsuma mandarins, apply at late flowering to petal fall.
  3. Add 0.2% urea, 0.2% KH2PO4, and 0.2% borax to enhance efficacy.
  4. Combine with irrigation during drought for better results.

Kiwifruit

Apply 2% GA3-lanolin paste to flower stalks to reduce seed count, induce seedless fruit, and lower fruit drop.

Pepper

Spray flowers once with 20–40 mg/L GA3 during flowering to improve fruit setting and yield.

Watermelon, Winter Melon, Pumpkin, Cucumber

Apply 20–50 mg/L GA3 once during flowering (spray flowers) or young fruit stage (spray fruits) to promote growth and yield.

Jujube

Spray 20–25 mg/L GA3 1–2 times at full bloom (40–50% flowering), 5–7 days apart.
- Notes:
  1. Spray evenly until leaves near-drip.
  2. Combine with NAA and urea for better results.

Apple

Spray 10–30 mg/L GA3 during flowering for “Red Fuji,” “Ralls,” and “Delicious” varieties to improve fruit setting in off-years and suppress excessive budding the following year.

Pear

Apply 10–25 mg/L GA3 at full bloom and young fruit stage to enhance fruit setting (“Jingbai,” “Bartlett,” “Yali”).
For “Mantianhong” and “Meirensu,” spray 50–100 mg/L GA3 one month pre-harvest to reduce pre-harvest drop.

Peach

Spray 10–80 mg/L GA3 15–20 days post-flowering on weak trees to improve fruit setting and expansion. Avoid use on young/vigorous trees to prevent shoot overgrowth and fruit drop.

Cherry

Spray 20–40 mg/L GA3 at full bloom or 10 mg/L GA3 10 days post-flowering to boost fruit setting. Apply 5–10 mg/L GA3 20 days pre-harvest to reduce rot and cracking.

Apricot

Spray 10–50 mg/L GA3 5–10 days post-flowering with 1% sucrose + 0.2% KH2PO4 to improve fruit setting.

Waxberry

Spray 15–30 mg/L GA3 at full bloom or petal fall to increase fruit setting by 20–30% in off-years.

Mango

Apply 25–40 mg/L GA3 twice (10–15 days apart) at olive-sized fruit stage to enhance yield and fruit size.

Loquat

Spray 10 mg/L GA3 on leaves and fruits during young fruit stage to increase fruit setting by 40% and induce seedless fruit.

Hawthorn

Spray 50–60 mg/L GA3 during flowering to boost fruit setting, advance maturity by 5–10 days, and improve fruit quality.

Persimmon

Apply 30–50 mg/L GA3 at full bloom and young fruit stage to reduce fruit drop.

Pineapple

Spray 40–50 mg/L GA3 at 50% flowering and 70–80 mg/L GA3 post-flowering to increase yield and delay ripening by 7–10 days.

Lychee

Spray 20 mg/L GA3 30 days post-flowering to reduce fruit drop and improve yield.

Enoki Mushroom

Apply 10 mg/L GA3 at budding, pinhead, and stipe elongation stages to promote fruiting and yield. Combine with 0.5 mg/L triacontanol for better results.

Floriculture Applications

Cineraria: Spray 500–1000 mg/L GA3 at 4–5 mm bud size to accelerate flowering; use 100 mg/L GA3 at color emergence to advance bloom.
Cymbidium: Spray 200 mg/L GA3 3–4 times (7-day intervals) from late August to early September to induce early flowering (10–15 days ahead).
Peony:
- For varieties prone to “leaf dominance” (e.g., “Litabao Zhu,” “Zi Erqiao”), apply 100–300 mg/L GA3 to buds and stems (twice daily for 3–5 days).
- For varieties with rapid bud growth (e.g., “Da Hu Hong,” “Zhao Fen”), apply 500–800 mg/L GA3 to leaf petioles to balance growth.

Application of Gibberellic Acid 3 (GA3) in Breaking Dormancy and Promoting Germination Across Various Plant Species

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