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Physicochemical Properties
The pure product is a white crystalline powder that turns rosy when exposed to light.Melting point: 165–166°C (168–170°C). It is highly soluble in ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and ether; slightly soluble in chloroform; and insoluble in water, benzene, and toluene. Its sodium and potassium salts are more stable than the acid itself and are highly soluble in water. It decomposes easily in light and air and has poor storage stability. It is safe for humans and livestock.
[1] Application Techniques
a. Promoting Seed Germination and Regulating Seedling Growth
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Corn: Treat seeds with 10-30 mg/L IAA to promote seed germination and seedling growth.
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Soybean: Treat seeds with 10-15 mg/L solution; spray seedlings and flowering plants with 10-15 mg/L solution. This regulates vegetative and reproductive growth, enhances stress resistance, and increases yield.
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Wheat: Treat seeds with 10-15 mg/L solution; spray during the jointing stage with 10-15 mg/L solution. Promotes growth, enhances stress resistance, and increases yield.
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Rice: Treat seeds with 10-15 mg/L solution; spray during the jointing stage with 10-15 mg/L solution. Promotes growth, enhances stress resistance, and increases yield.
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Tomato, Cucumber: Treat seeds with 0.75-1 mg IAA per kg of seeds. Spray foliage during seedling and flowering stages with 6-12 mg/L solution. Promotes growth, enhances stress resistance, and increases yield.
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Radish: Soak radish seeds in 50-100 mg/L IAA solution for 3 hours. Significantly improves germination rate, germination vigor, and vigor index, resulting in seedlings emerging 2-3 days earlier.
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Chive (Jiu Cong): Soak seeds in 2-5 mg/L IAA solution for 24 hours to improve germination rate and germination vigor. The 3 mg/L treatment is most effective, increasing germination vigor and germination rate by 29%.
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Broad Bean (Fava Bean): Soak seeds in 10-100 mg/L IAA solution for 24 hours. Increases pod number and seed weight, increases seed polysaccharide content, and improves quality and yield.
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Garlic: Cultivating garlic cloves in a 0.18×10^{-3} mg/L IAA solution promotes root growth and development. However, further increases in concentration inhibit root growth and development.
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Betel Nut (Areca): Soak seeds in 150 mg/L IAA for 24 hours to improve germination rate and promote root system development.
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Chinese Angelica (Dang Gui): Soak seeds in 50 mg/L IAA solution for 3 hours to significantly increase germination rate.
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Hydrilla verticillata: Treat turions with 100-150 mg/L IAA for 12 hours to promote turion germination, increase seedling height and dry weight, and increase the number of seedling roots.
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Vallisneria natans (Eelgrass): Treating seeds with 50 mg/L IAA for 24 hours provides the best promotion effect on seed germination and seedling height.
b. Regulating Growth, Increasing Yield, and Improving Quality
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Cucumber: Spray leaves with 500 mg/L IAA when seedlings have 1-3 true leaves. Increases the number of female flowers and reduces the number of male flowers.
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Watermelon: Spray with 15 mg/L IAA after flowering, repeating once after 7 days. Effectively reduces fruit cracking. (Note: The phrase about summer squash appears misplaced in the original and is omitted here as context is unclear.)
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Strawberry: Foliar spray with 50 mg/L IAA after transplanting effectively increases photosynthetic rate and dry weight of leaves, stems, roots, and other organs.
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Tobacco: Applying 45 mg/L or 60 mg/L IAA results in higher economic benefits per unit area, effectively reduces nicotine content, and improves flue-cured tobacco quality.
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Tea: Foliar spray with 0.09 mg/L IAA promotes earlier bud break, increases bud density, and significantly increases yield.
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Shiitake Mushroom: Spraying with 0.5-2.0 mg/L IAA significantly increases mycelial elongation and improves yield.
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Wood Ear Mushroom (Auricularia): Spray twice during the primordia formation stage with 0.02 mg/L IAA to effectively promote primordia formation and fruiting body differentiation, increasing yield by over 20%.
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Cordyceps sinensis: Adding 2.5 mg/L IAA to the culture medium increases Cordyceps biomass and extracellular polysaccharide yield.
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Chrysanthemum: Spraying once with 25-400 mg/L solution (under 9-hour photoperiod) inhibits flower bud emergence and delays flowering.
c. Rooting Cuttings and Promoting Survival
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Cabbage (Gan Lan): Dip roots in 1000-2000 mg/L IAA solution before transplanting to promote rooting and shorten the recovery time.
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Rose: Soak rose cuttings in 175 mg/L IAA for 1 minute to achieve the highest rooting rate and root number.
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Sea Buckthorn: Soak cuttings in 100-300 mg/L IAA solution for 30 minutes to promote rooting of hardwood cuttings.
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Poplar: Quick-dip cuttings in 200 mg/L IAA solution can increase the rooting rate to 86%.
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Sarcozygium xanthoxylon (Ba Wang): Soak hardwood cuttings in 50-100 mg/L IAA for 3 hours to improve rooting effectiveness.
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Zamioculcas zamiifolia (ZZ Plant / Money Tree): Treat cuttings with 150 mg/L IAA for 1 hour to significantly increase root number and length.
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Lindera communis (Spicewood / Xiang Ye Shu): Soak cuttings in 100-300 mg/L IAA solution for 24 hours to promote rooting.
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Pothos (Epipremnum aureum): Using a 4×10^{-5} mg/L IAA solution as the hydroponic nutrient promotes growth, resulting in thicker roots and a greater number of roots.
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Lilac: Soak cuttings in 150 mg/L IAA for 2 hours for a good rooting promotion effect.
[2] Precautions
IAA is photosensitive and decomposes easily when exposed to light. Products must be packaged in black material and stored in a cool, dry place.
